Identification:
Colonies are shrub-like, semi-spherical, and exhibit dichotomous branching. The branch tips are thick and coarse, sometimes developing a bud-like protuberance. Branches are swollen in multiple locations. Ostia (pores) display structural variations within the same colony. Ostia at the branch tips have deep bases, with diameters of 1-1.5 mm, thin skeletal walls, and six thin, smooth septa (internal walls). Ostia located lower on the branches have similar diameters but shallow bases, thick skeletal walls and septa, and internal skeletal cores. These septa and cores contain granules. Ostia near the base of the colony are very shallow, with thick skeletal walls and structure. The majority of ostia are covered by an arched skeletal structure. Living specimens exhibit colors including pink, brown, yellow, cream, and green; branch tips are typically lighter in color.
Biology and Ecology:
Found in clear to very clear waters with moderate or low wave action, at depths of 0-40 meters.
Distribution:
- In Vietnam: Found on coral reefs in the western Gulf of Tonkin (Cat Ba, Long Chau, Co To, Bach Long Vy, Con Co), along the coast from central to southeastern Vietnam, and in the Truong Sa (Spratly) and Hoang Sa (Paracel) archipelagos.
- Global: Widely distributed in the warm waters of the Indo-West Pacific region.
Value:
Used in handicrafts and aquarium decoration.
Conservation Status:
This species is sensitive and experiences mass die-offs when the environment changes, particularly due to turbid water and low salinity. Its distribution area is continuously shrinking due to coastal environmental pollution.
Red List Category:
EN A1a,c B2a,c
Conservation Measures:
- Prohibit harvesting for handicrafts.
- Protect forests on islands and in headwater areas.
- Prohibit fishing on reefs using poisons or explosives.
- Prohibit bottom trawling near coral reefs.
- Invest in biological research to establish a basis for sustainable exploitation and development of the species.