Identification:
Distinguishing characteristics: The underparts are entirely rufous-brown, paler on the throat. The upperparts are generally black. The crown and nape have fine white streaks, and the tips of the wing feathers form two white bands (see illustration).
Biology and Ecology:
Resident in evergreen or semi-evergreen broadleaf forests. Commonly forages in the mid-story or canopy of large trees, around branches, areas with moss, lichens, and orchids. During the breeding season, found at altitudes of 1,500 – 2,400m; at other times, the birds may be found at lower elevations, but not below 600m, although they have been observed at 300m in the eastern Himalayas. In Central Laos, they are found in pơ mu pine forests. Forages in mixed flocks with other small birds (79) and the Greater Racket-tailed Drongo. Nests in April-May (in India), lays 4-6 eggs, white with dark red spots; egg size: 20.8 x 15.3mm (79).
Distribution:
- In Vietnam: Northwestern region: Lao Cai, Lai Chau, and Ha Giang provinces.
- Global: Himalayan region: Myanmar, Northwest Thailand, Northern Laos.
Value:
A rare species with a restricted distribution, representing a valuable genetic resource that needs protection.
Status:
A rare species with a small population, currently threatened in Vietnam, the region, and globally. In recent years, 3-5 subpopulations have been found in various locations in the Hoang Lien Son mountains of Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces, and the Du Gia and Tay Con Linh mountains of Ha Giang province (Vogel et al. 2000). The main threats are habitat destruction, habitat reduction, and habitat fragmentation. Forest restoration in the high-altitude mountains of the Hoang Lien Son Nature Reserve and Van Ban in Lao Cai is fundamental to ensuring the protection and future population increase of the species in Vietnam.
Classification:
EN B1+2a,d C2a D.
Conservation Measures:
Nature reserves have been established and proposed, including Hoang Lien Son National Park (Sa Pa, Lao Cai), Hoang Lien Son in Lai Chau, and Hoang Lien Son in Van Ban (Lao Cai), with a total area built and proposed to be expanded to nearly 80,000 hectares, and the Tay Con Linh area in Ha Giang. These areas, largely located in high-altitude mountain forests, are suitable habitats for many rare bird species in the northern mountains of Vietnam, including this species. Listed in the Asian Red Data Book (2001), category VU (vulnerable), and the Vietnam Red Data Book (1992, 2000), category T (threatened).