Identification
Description:
Medium to large shrimp, reaching a maximum size of approximately 25 cm (0.9 – 1 kg/individual). Females begin reproducing at around 15 cm. The carapace is smooth, reddish-brown to reddish-purple, with small white or orange-red spots or dots. The basal segment of antenna I has two large anterior spines and several smaller posterior spines. The third maxilliped has an exopod. The dorsal carapace of abdominal segments II-IV has a continuous transverse groove, and the anterior ridge of the groove is undivided, without lobes. The transverse groove on segment II connects with the groove on the anterior edge of the lateral plate of the same segment. The lateral plate lacks small teeth on the anterior edge.
Biology and Ecology
Habitat and Behavior:
The red lobster (likely refers to Panulirus species, given the description) typically inhabits areas around islands, within coral reefs, and adjacent zones with high water clarity and wave action. They are generally solitary and are most active at night. From December to June, juvenile lobsters (carapace length 7-18 mm) are often found concentrated near rocky shores and islands.
Distribution
Within Vietnam:
From Quảng Bình to Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận, and Bình Thuận provinces.
Global:
The Indo-West Pacific region, from Japan and Polynesia to East Africa.
Value
Significance:
Of scientific, aesthetic, and commercial value (aquaculture).
Conservation Status
Historical Context:
Prior to 1975, lobsters of 0.3 – 0.5 kg/individual were very common around islands and were a high-yield target for harvesting. After 1975, especially from 1990 onwards, increased export demand and high annual harvesting rates led to a significant population decline, possibly up to 50%. Additionally, the use of explosives for fishing and the destruction of coral reefs have reduced their habitat by perhaps more than 20%.
IUCN Rating:
EN A1c,d B2b+3d. (Endangered)
Conservation Measures
Actions:
Listed in the Vietnamese Red Data Book (1992-2000). Conservation efforts should include reducing harvesting intensity, restricting harvesting to non-spawning seasons, and strictly prohibiting dynamite fishing and the destruction of coral reefs.