Identification:
The largest member of the Felidae family can weigh 200-250 kg. Its coat is yellow or light yellow, with a white underside. The face and body are marked with numerous black stripes, making the tiger easily identifiable. There are five subspecies of tigers worldwide. The Indochinese tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti Mazak, 1968), found in Southeast Asia including Vietnam, is smaller than other subspecies.
Biology and Ecology:
The diet consists of various wild animals and livestock. Tigers inhabit and are active in mountainous forests, including areas with brush, reeds, and grasslands within the forest. They have a large home range and are not sedentary. They often roam across forests spanning two to three adjacent provinces, primarily active at night.
Tigers can mate throughout the year, but it concentrates in certain months depending on the region. The gestation period is about 100 days. A litter usually consists of two to three cubs, though it can be more. Cubs become independent from their mother at 18-28 months old. Female tigers begin reproducing at 3-4 years of age, while males mature later, at 4-6 years.
Distribution:
- Within Vietnam: Widely distributed. Sample collection locations: Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Bac Kan, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kontum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Tay Ninh, and Bien Hoa.
- Worldwide: Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.
Value:
A precious and rare animal with scientific research value. It also contributes to regulating the population numbers of prey species.
Status:
Previously, tigers were relatively abundant in the old-growth forests of the country. Currently, their population has severely declined, estimated to be fewer than 150 individuals, living sporadically and in isolation in various forest areas.
Classification: CR A1d C1+2a.
Conservation Measures:
Listed in the Vietnam Red Book and Group IB, according to Decree 32/2006/ND-CP. Numerous international and national scientific conferences have been held to discuss conservation measures. Vietnam has participated in the international Tiger Forum to collaborate with other countries and international organizations to protect tigers. Tighter control of hunting, trade, and use of tigers and tiger products is needed. Captive breeding programs should be organized for conservation and reintroduction into the wild when conditions are suitable.