Identification:
Key Features:
The species, Naja kaouthia, is a large cobra. When the snake flares its hood, a distinctive light-colored, circular marking (resembling eyeglasses) is visible on the dorsal side of the neck, with a dark brown or black spot in the center. A pair of small, horizontal markings are present on the ventral side of the neck.
Coloration:
The dorsal coloration varies, ranging from dark brown to grayish-brown. Most individuals have a uniform dorsal color. Some individuals exhibit faint, lighter transverse bands, though these are not always distinct. Detailed characteristics differentiate this species from the Chinese cobra (Naja atra).
Biology and Ecology:
Habitat and Behavior:
The Monocled Cobra inhabits plains, midlands, and mountainous regions. It is primarily nocturnal, seeking shelter during the day in termite mounds or rodent burrows, often close to human settlements.
Diet and Reproduction:
Adults prey on rodents, toads, and other snakes. Juveniles primarily consume amphibians.
Mating occurs in May, and egg-laying takes place in June. The species lays 9-22 eggs, measuring 59-62 mm by 29-29 mm, and exhibits parental care, with the eggs being guarded. Eggs hatch in August. Newborns measure 200-350 mm in length and can flare their hoods. Newborns are typically longer than those of the Chinese cobra, with a length of 280-350mm. Newly hatched individuals possess a defensive hood-flaring behavior and potent venom, posing a threat to humans.
Distribution:
Vietnam:
Primarily distributed in Southern Vietnam and South-Central Vietnam. Rarely encountered in Northern Vietnam.
Global:
Bangladesh, North India, Nepal, South China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Northern Malaysia.
Value:
Scientific and Medical:
This species has scientific value. The Monocled Cobra is a venomous snake capable of causing human fatalities. Its venom is used in the treatment of joint pain, rheumatism, and as a local anesthetic.
Conservation Status:
Current Status:
The population of the Monocled Cobra has significantly decreased due to overhunting.
Conservation Recommendations:
- Prohibit the hunting of juvenile snakes.
- Implement a hunting ban during the breeding season (April-June).
- Encourage captive breeding programs.