Identification:
This large turtle is characterized by reduced, peculiar horn-like scutes on the plastron, which are distinctly separated. Each flank possesses large, spiny scales. The carapace and soft parts are dark gray-brown, sometimes with faint yellowish markings in the center of each scute on the carapace. Males are similar to females. Hatchlings have less protruding scutes, and the scutes on the vertebral ridge and marginal scutes may be slightly concave.
Biology and Ecology:
This species inhabits tropical evergreen forests, preferring well-drained areas where food is readily available. The diet of this cold-blooded species primarily consists of plants, fruits, fungi, and occasionally carrion. They lay approximately 30 eggs per clutch.
Distribution:
- Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh City (presence in Vietnam may be due to trade)
- Global: This species is found in southern Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo.
Conservation Status:
This species is of scientific and aesthetic value, providing students with insight into its ecological behaviors in nature. Due to capture and trade for the pet market, its population has rapidly declined in the wild. It is listed in the IUCN Red List as Endangered (A1cd+2cd). Strict measures prohibiting hunting and trade are required. Captive breeding programs should be established in conservation areas to increase the population for reintroduction into the natural environment and to preserve the gene pool.