Identification:
- Adult: Resembles the Greater Fish Eagle but is smaller. The upperparts, wing coverts, and breast are pale gray; the tail is grayish-brown with a darker subterminal band. The underparts, thighs, and undertail coverts are white.
- Subspecies humilis: When in flight, the white bases of the primary feathers are visible.
- Immature: Lighter gray with prominent light and brown streaking on the body, and a white belly.
Biology and Ecology:
- Habitat: Large rivers and streams within forests; found up to 900m altitude.
- Behavior: Often perches for extended periods on branches near water sources, also soars and hovers in flight. Resident within its distribution range.
- Breeding Season: January to April.
- Nesting: Builds large, deep cup-shaped nests in tall trees.
- Eggs: Lays 2-3 white eggs (often staining).
Distribution:
- Vietnam: Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Dak Lak, Dong Nai provinces.
- Global: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Brunei, Indonesia.
Value:
- Scientific value.
Conservation Status:
- Habitat is shrinking, with small and declining populations.
IUCN Red List Category:
- VU B2a C1 (Vulnerable)
Conservation Measures:
- Listed in the Asian Red Data Book (2001) as NT (Near Threatened), due to small population size and habitat loss. Suitable habitat in Vietnam is limited. Conservation efforts should focus on habitat protection and expanding the distribution.