Identifying Characteristics:
The Hydrophis genus is recognized as containing the most diverse species of sea snakes within the Hydrophiidae family. However, many species exhibit significant variations in morphology and structure. Despite this, they all share certain characteristics: a small ventral (belly) region, evenly expanded head scales, broad anterior chin scales, and a triangular head shape. While some Hydrophis species are quite large, the banded sea snake (Hydrophis fasciatus) has a notably small head and a slender anterior body, with a flattened tail adapted for efficient movement and swimming in seawater.
Biology and Ecology:
These snakes are nocturnal and primarily prey on eels. They give birth to litters of 2-4 offspring. All Hydrophis species possess highly potent and dangerous venom. They inhabit shallow waters along the tropical Asian coasts towards the East.
Distribution:
- Vietnam: Northern Gulf of Tonkin, Central Vietnam (Ke Ga Cape), Southern Vietnam, and Con Dao Islands.
- Worldwide: Approximately 15 species are found in coastal waters around Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, and Singapore.