Identification:
- The shell is egg-shaped, approximately 85 mm in length. The dorsal surface is brown or light brown-yellow, marked with numerous dark brown longitudinal and transverse lines. A distinctive pale yellow marking extends along the shell, potentially reaching from the apex to the base and branching into irregular, map-like patterns, hence the name “map cowry” ( mappa). The ventral surface is pinkish-brown. The aperture is straight, with fine, even teeth that do not extend outwards.
Biology and Ecology:
- This species typically inhabits areas away from river mouths, preferring clear waters. It resides within coral reefs and rock crevices, ranging from the intertidal zone to depths of up to 20 meters.
Distribution:
- Vietnam: Quảng Ngãi (Lý Sơn Island), Khánh Hòa (Vạn Phong Bay – Bến Gỏi), Côn Đảo.
- Global: Red Sea, Indian Ocean, West and Central Pacific Ocean, Northern and Southern Australia, Southern Indonesia, Polynesia.
Value:
- Considered a valuable species due to its attractive coloration. It has aesthetic and collectible value.
Conservation Status:
- Listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book (1992). The species is highly sought after for ornamental purposes, leading to overexploitation. Direct observations suggest a population decline of approximately 20%. The species is now only found in Khánh Hòa, Côn Đảo, and Lý Sơn. The distribution area is shrinking and the population is very low, making it vulnerable to extinction.
IUCN Classification:
- VU A1a C1
Conservation Measures:
- Prohibition of dynamite fishing and coral extraction.