Identification
Morphology:
The conch has a long, trumpet-like shape, approximately 350mm in length, and is large and heavy. The exterior shell is cream-colored, with numerous dark and light brown streaks. Prominent spiral ridges are visible from the mouth to the apex. The large mouth is a brownish-pink, fading to a lighter color near the edge, which has a wavy margin. The inner lip has numerous ridges interspersed with dark brown grooves.
Biology and Ecology
Feeding Habits and Habitat:
The conch primarily feeds on the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). The starfish, in turn, preys on coral polyps, posing a threat to the coral reef ecosystem. Therefore, the conch plays an important ecological role in protecting coral reefs. It inhabits soft-bottomed areas of the sublittoral zone, near coral reefs and within the reef structure, sometimes found at depths of 20-30 meters.
Distribution
Geographic Range:
- Vietnam: Khánh Hòa (Hòn Tre, Hòn Mun), Quảng Ngãi (Lý Sơn Island), Côn Đảo.
- Global: Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean.
Value
Commercial and Conservation Status:
This is a highly valued species, now relatively rare and valuable for its aesthetic properties and the creation of art objects.
Conservation Status
Threats and Status:
The conch is listed in the Vietnam Red Book (1992) and is prized for ornamental purposes. It is subject to intensive harvesting, with a population decline of approximately 20%. It is currently found only in Khánh Hòa, Côn Đảo, and Lý Sơn. Limited distribution, scarcity, and exploitation make it vulnerable to extinction.
IUCN Classification: Critically Endangered (CR B1+2a,d D)
Conservation Measures
Recommended Actions:
A five-year moratorium on harvesting this species is recommended. The use of explosives for fishing and coral harvesting should be prohibited. The entire ecosystem where the conch is found should be protected.