Identification:
This mollusk is relatively large, possessing a thick, heavy shell that can reach up to 320 mm in height. The shell’s inner and outer edges are broadly expanded, resembling a hat. This resemblance to the hat of the monk Tang Sanzang gives rise to its common name, “Kim Khoi snail” (金魁螺). The shell comprises six whorls, with wide, shallow grooves. On the dorsal surface of the whorls, there is a row of large, horn-like protrusions, with two additional rows of large tubercles below. The shell’s spire features numerous arch-shaped nodules, and the entire surface is covered in small, intricately carved square patterns. The shell color is gray, and the mouth opening is narrow and elongated, exhibiting an attractive orange hue with a glossy sheen. The outer lip has 6-7 teeth, while the inner lip has rib-like folds. The anterior groove is narrow, and the anterior tip curves upwards towards the dorsal side.
Biology and Ecology:
This species prefers calm environments. During the day, it typically hides amongst seaweed. It is most active at night. Locomotion occurs by extending its strong foot forward and then retracting it powerfully to propel the body forward. Its diet consists of sea urchins: Mespilia globulus, Tripneustes gratilla, and Diadema setosum. The snail uses its foot to grasp and envelop the sea urchin, inserting its proboscis into the sea urchin’s body and sometimes consuming the shell, including the spines. This species does not feed year-round; the ribs on the shell reflect periods of rest, while the spaces between the ribs indicate periods of growth. It inhabits semi-enclosed reef environments, with flat bottoms, weak currents, or hard coral sand bottoms on reef patches, at depths of 7-20 meters.
Distribution:
- Vietnam: Khánh Hòa (Văn Phong – Bến Gỏi), Bình Thuận, Trường Sa, Phú Quốc.
- Worldwide: India, Pacific Ocean.
Economic Value:
This species has high economic value in handicrafts and is sought after by collectors. Its numbers are limited.
Conservation Status:
It is currently being heavily exploited across its range for use in handicrafts. There is a potential for decline in its population and distribution.
Proposed Conservation Measures:
Prohibit the hunting of juvenile individuals. Strictly prohibit the use of dynamite and coral exploitation.