Identification:
Colonies are branching, with typically large and spreading branches that are coarse and sometimes connected. Smaller colonies may exhibit only a spreading or compact branching pattern. Lateral polyps display a mixture of morphologies and sizes, including both raised and recessed forms. Raised, tubular polyps typically protrude up to 4mm (or more) with a diameter of 2 – 3.2mm, and a circular or pointed mouth opening with a pore diameter of 0.8 – 1.4mm. Axial polyps have a diameter of 2.5 – 4mm, with a pore diameter of 0.8 – 1.1mm. Live specimens are often uniformly colored, appearing in pale cream, brown, green, and yellow hues, with lighter coloration typically present at the branch tips.
Biology and Ecology:
Belongs to the reef-building coral group, and is commonly found in shallow coastal waters, both in sheltered and exposed areas.
Distribution:
- Vietnam: Quảng Ninh (Ha Long, Co To), Hai Phong (Cat Ba, Bach Long Vy), central provinces from Quang Tri (Con Co) to Ba Ria – Vung Tau (Con Dao), the southwestern islands, and the Truong Sa archipelago.
- Global: Widely distributed throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific region.
Value:
Plays a crucial role in reef formation within shallow reef environments. Potential uses include handicrafts, aquarium decoration, and construction materials.
Conservation Status:
Currently subject to overexploitation. This species is sensitive, susceptible to mass mortality events when environmental conditions change. Its distribution area is contracting due to coastal pollution, especially from turbid water and low salinity.
Assessment: VU A1a,c B2b + 3d.
Conservation Measures:
- Prohibit the exploitation of live coral for handicrafts and construction materials.
- Protect island and upstream forests.
- Prohibit fishing on reefs using poisons or explosives.
- Prohibit bottom trawling near coral reefs.